To compare ISG15 expression in normal bladder and bladder tumour samples that have an identical genetic background, biopsies were obtained from the tumour and from an adjacent, histologically normal, region of the same bladder from 29 patients with late stages of bladder cancer (T2 T4).
Yet there are no studies of the in vivo behavior of these phenomena within the same bladder tumor.
In addition to single-cell exome sequencing, we also sequenced the whole exome of bulk DNA from the same bladder cancer tissue with 137× coverage and the normal bladder tissue with 28× coverage to use as a control for evaluating the data quality of our SCS (Additional file 3: Figure S2A-B Additional file 2: Table S1).
Staining of bladder tumour sections and paired normal and tumour samples obtained from the same bladder cancer patient with antibody specific to ISG15 protein revealed a specific expression of ISG15 protein in cancer cells.
A second measurement of the same urinary bladder section (adjacent area) was measured with a pixel size of 5 μm.
Both subgroups received the same treatment: transurethral resection of the bladder tumors (TURBT) followed by the same dose and schedule of BCG instillations (TICE® BCG).
We performed a fourth analysis (All OAB symptoms analysis), to assess the relationship of all symptoms of overactive bladder with the same exclusions as used in the Overactive bladder analysis (Figure 1).
The Aurora-A protein overexpression was detected in the same cancer part of the bladder tissue compared to the normal part by IHC staining.
In a recent 8-year analysis of the same study population, HR for bladder cancer was 0.98 (95% CI 0.81 1.18) (189).
Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis often share the same etiology as bladder cancer, and as such, have been treated as bladder within the meta-analyses as recommended by IARC [ 23].
