Economists favour support for research, recognising the positive externality of general knowledge creation.
On the other hand, bibliometrics and other conventional indicators of research output recognise the work of basic scientists who publish in journals with high impact factors and are part of large groups of authors, but may disadvantage academic physicians who devote a significant part of their time to clinical work and publish in specialty-specific journals.
Members of a public deliberation on consent and withdrawal, for instance, asserted the need to balance individual autonomy with the public good of research and recognised the complexity of achieving that balance individually and as a society (Secko et al. [2009]).
For the even rarer 'orphan' conditions with only a handful of affected individuals, lack of research is recognised as a serious problem [11].
A growing body of research has recognised that intimate partner violence (IPV) has far-reaching health and economic impacts for women and societies worldwide.
Already in the early days in this field of research, scientists recognised that caloric restriction might act via neuro-endocrine mechanisms to inhibit tumour initiation and promotion (Pomerantz and Mulinos, 1939).
Though this type of research is recognised as particularly valuable in researching child healthcare as it aims to create more balanced relationships between researchers and participants compared to other methods [ 24], its use has been limited, especially in the area of shared management of CKD and in acute paediatric settings.
The concept of priority setting between users and producers of research is well recognised as a mechanism to produce useful research [ 9- 11] and research capacity development [ 12].
Systematic reviews of research are increasingly recognised as important for informing decisions across policy sectors and for setting priorities for research.
We have added culture, ethos and track record (of research participation), and recognised there will often be additional study-specific requirements.
