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In addition, recent studies have indicated that toxoplasmosis is a plausible risk factor for personality shifts and increased likelihood of reduced intelligence or schizophrenia [ 12].
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Recent research also has linked higher PBDE exposure to reduced intelligence in children.
Each of these disorders is associated with reduced intelligence [62] and its phenotypic correlation with each disorder is completely accounted for by genetic covariance [12], [63].
Low-level environmental exposure to lead has been associated with both reduced intelligence and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Iodine is critical for normal growth and development and deficiency during pregnancy and early childhood can result in reduced intelligence or a form of mental retardation known as cretinism.
These deficits appear on a background of reduced fluid intelligence, best measured with tests of novel problem solving.
In humans, mutations in CHL1 (referred to as CALL) are associated with reduced intelligence, mental retardation and occurrence of schizophrenia [13] [17].
In a large community sample of school-age children, we investigated whether environmental lead exposure is associated with both reduced intelligence and ADHD symptoms, when adjusting for each other as covariates.
The criteria for exclusion were medication use, mental disability, reduced intelligence (IQ <80), schizophrenia and suicidal tendencies.
The effects of reduced sunlight are uncertain.
Or face the insecurity of reduced benefits?
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