Comparisons were made with the χ or Fisher's exact test, where applicable, for frequencies of qualitative traits.
*ANOVA and x tests were used to compare the mean of quantitative variables or the frequency of qualitative traits between HF and non-HF groups of subjects.
Strategies such as EcoTILLING or BRDA (breeding with rare defective alleles) use genetic screening to identify defective alleles of genes known to play major roles in the control of qualitative traits.
SLAF-seq has been widely employed in many species [ 23– 31], and was proven to be an effective strategy for construction of high density genetic map [ 23– 29] 29], identification of gene for qualitative trait [ 28, 30] as well as QTLs for quantitative traits [ 24, 26, 31].
It takes the uncertainty into consideration by including posterior dosage/probability to the design matrix of regression analysis (linear analysis for quantitative trait and logistic regression for qualitative trait).
The H-2 region maps to qualitative trait loci Sle4 and Lbw1, both identified by genetic mapping in mouse models of SLE [ 46, 47].
The identification of candidate genes responsible for qualitative traits of the main Italian rice varieties offers a starting point for further works aimed to the characterization of loci and molecular markers associated with quality to be used in breeding programs.
We have developed a novel statistical approach to this problem, in the context of qualitative-trait mapping, in which we use linkage data to identify the polymorphic sites whose genotypes could fully explain the observed linkage to the region.
This character is very useful in anchoring linkage groups to chromosomes during genetic mapping and in mapping of qualitative-trait genes and in QTL tracking.
Chromosome-specific SSRs are efficient tools for chromosome identification by anchoring linkage groups to particular chromosomes during genetic mapping and are especially useful in mapping of qualitative-trait genes or quantitative trait loci with just a few markers.
This is of the form of the case/pseudocontrol likelihood for qualitative traits [ Cordell and Clayton, 2002] with the offspring's affection status replaced by a quantitative phenotype.
