There are currently more than 800 state-owned Chinese companies in Africa and an unknown number of private enterprises.
"I am not a masochist; I do not love taxes," wrote Mr. Lévy, who is also president of a French association of private enterprises.
But it is proving a struggle to rally the party around his recent ideological bombshell, the idea of admitting the bosses of private enterprises as party members.
He said the prosecution of Mr. Khodorkovsky and Yukos proved that Mr. Putin and United Russia favored greater state control over the interests of private enterprises.
Instead, Al Qaeda uses an amalgam of private enterprises, corporate shells and charities that are structured like a financial archipelago with connections hidden beneath the surface.
Ivory Coast must "facilitate access to land for smallholder farmers and private enterprises" – in practice evicting smallholder farmers for the benefit of private enterprises.
Despite our drowning in a sea of crises brought on by the failures of private enterprises, the American political class, and evidently the American electorate, is instead outraged at government, because fixing what the private enterprise system broke isn't free.
Though it failed, the reform movement had a few important repercussions: it produced some degree of freedom of speech and association, furthered the dissemination of Western thought, and stimulated the growth of private enterprises.
"There is no doubt that these measures represent an expansion of the rights of private enterprises vis-à-vis government," said Prof. Andreas F. Lowenfeld, an international trade expert at the New York University School of Law.
He said that "social strata" have emerged that include entrepreneurs, owners of private enterprises and employees of foreign firms who "make contributions to developing socialism's productive forces and its other endeavors through honest labor and work".
If we accept that the market culture is here to stay then social enterprise could be seen as one way of making the market function in the interests of the community, rather than in the interests of private enterprises".
