In the critical care setting, stopping for futility means that independent review committees have elected to stop the trial early – based on predetermined rules – since the likelihood of finding a treatment effect is low.
You can either have a fixed amount of tokens in circulation or have a fluctuating amount based on predetermined rules.
In the model, parameters such as spectrum utilisation efficiency, degree of mobility and distance to the PUs of CRN are given as inputs to the fuzzy logic decision-making process, while the output of that process gives the spectrum access decision, based on linguistic knowledge of some predetermined rules.
To this end, the outcome of the PET is considered together with the result of the decision model within predetermined rules (see Rules for the decision model below).
In order to find the optimal solution, the PSO algorithm simulates the movement of a set of particles in the search space under predetermined rules [292].
Finally, the following predetermined rule was used to generate an estimate of population HLA-DRB1 allele frequencies: reports with over 500 (four-digit typing) or 1000 (two-digit typing) controls were identified and a weighted mean calculated.
A clinical trial conducted according to a schedule of interim analyses written into the protocol, and stopped according to a predetermined rule, is known to statisticians as a sequential clinical trial.
In their paper, the decision to drop a treatment need not be dictated by a predetermined rule based on efficacy data but, if it is, the family wise error rate of the trial can be controlled in the strong sense.
Basically, a substitution cipher involves substituting one letter for another letter, according to some predetermined rule.
"Once you get one it's kind of predetermined that you'll get another one.
