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Because of poor study design, the results do not provide valid data to determine whether national drug policies improve drug use.
These studies demonstrate the potential of the technology for biomarker discovery and elucidating metabolic mechanisms associated with given pathologies, but also in some cases provide a warning of the pitfalls of poor study design.
Four articles were excluded because of poor study quality [21 24], leaving 11 studies for inclusion.
Although many previous studies have compared one of the available treatments with another, none of them have provided sufficient evidence for the superiority of a particular treatment protocol, which may be the result of the use of poor study and assessment techniques.
Hence, Alvarez-Alfageme et al. [8] concluded that the 'apparent harmful effects of Cry1Ab and CryBb1 reported by Schmidt et al. [1] were artifacts of poor study design and procedures' and 'false positives.' In Figure 1, we provide the comparative mortalities observed at the various Bt toxin concentrations in the two studies discussed here, and in Table 1, the relevant statistical values.
There are consequences of poor study reporting for the research community as a whole.
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Good reporting cannot make up for poor study design; however, it can facilitate the identification of poor studies.
Campbell, et al. (2011) suggest that 'inclusion of poorer studies is unlikely to have a very distorting impact on qualitative synthesis' [ 2]:[45], and suggest that the time spent on quality appraisal might perhaps be better spent.
Seeking to build the perspectives and opinions of poor people into policies and programmes is common nowadays, at least in theory; the World Bank's excellent Voices of the Poor study in 2000 is a good example.
Unfortunately, the HNC QOL literature has many limitations including: small sample size, lack of prospective data and poor study design.
Thereafter, the reluctance to share data might be considered as a further clue of poor quality study.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com