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2) Was (were) the perpetrator(s): a) male; b) female; or c) both?" Table 2 shows instances of perpetration by type of workplace violence and sex of perpetrator (or perpetrators) and victim.
CAN and control groups did not differ in reports of perpetration of IPV, although neglect predicted greater likelihood of perpetrating physical injury to a partner, compared to controls.
There were some differences in these relationships when we examined specific patterns of perpetration.
This has important implications for the design of prevention initiatives which specifically target factors that potentially increase the risk of perpetration.
To reduce this heterogeneity, we used multinomial logit regression models, which modeled IPV as mutually exclusive categorizations of perpetration compared to no IPV perpetration (Table 3).
The relationships between individual financial stressors and IPV perpetration were not consistent across patterns of perpetration, although more severe patterns of violence were associated with more of the individual financial stressors.
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Our findings concerning perpetrators and years of perpetrations were consistent with reports from other international institutions [ 11, 12, 25, 26] and also from a local human rights organisation, Odhikar.
What has shocked her, she said, is "the extreme violence and the intensity and frequency of perpetrations, the layers they might have of traumatic experience, because of the history of their country".
The concept of perpetration-induced traumatic stress (PITS) was introduced to describe an observable phenomenon that former perpetrators show a higher degree of PTSD [ 12- 14].
In multinomial logit regression comparing patterns of IPV perpetration to perpetrating no physical IPV, the relationships of financial stressors were less consistent.
HED by respondents was associated with a threefold increase in victimisation involving alcohol, and doubling of reported perpetration of aggression involving alcohol.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com