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The virtues, however, are good (DL VII 102 103), since they are perfections of our rationality, and only rationally perfected thoughts and decisions can possibly have the features of harmony and order in which goodness itself consists.
Old-school economists might still hang on to the notion that we are all rational decision makers, but the field of behavioral economics has demonstrated that there are bounds to the rationality of economic agents, and that much of our rationality is really post hoc rationalization.
I call these anxieties entwined because, for me, they come accompanied by a shared error: the overestimation of our rationality and our autonomy.
True, the mind sciences will continue to show that consciousness does not work in just the ways we thought, and they already suggest significant limitations on the extent of our rationality, self-knowledge, and self-control.
It is at once instinctual and rational, dwelling at once in the deepest caves of our animal brains -- where the approach of a potential predator signals the fight-or-flight reflex of our autonomic nervous system -- and at the highest reaches of our rationality, where we calculate risk factors and crunch actuarial numbers into a different kind of nervous system.
Hence, the perfect exercise of our rationality — reflection without assent, as Arcesilaus has argued — will lead us to find the action that is naturally appropriate to us as rational animals, i.e., the reasonable thing to do, and this guarantees success.
Similar(53)
This is, however, not an otherworldly ideal rather, it is the ideal of perfecting our rationality, as agents living in this world (Russell 2004).
Rightness and goodness thus "represent differentiations of the demands of our own rationality as it applies to our sentient and our active powers" (Schneewind, 1977: 493).
Therefore, even though the view that humanity is completely destroyed when people exercise their sexuality is an unappealing one, it is not unreasonable to think that, in some cases, sexual desire and exercise of sexuality can undermine our rationality.
Kitcher is right to object to philosophers who contend that these lower level principles are necessary consequences of our concept of rationality may be mistaken.
One solution to the problem, associated with Peter Strawson (1952), is that "adopting the inductive practices and principles that we do is constitutive of our concept of rationality".
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com