In this section, we present the condition for non existence of non-trivial solution of (1).
From the fact of non-existence plus the PSR, Spinoza concludes that non-existing substances do not exist because it is impossible for them to exist.
If that than which nothing greater can be thought does not exist, it is obviously capable of non-existence; and if it is capable of non-existence, then even if it were to exist, it would not be that than which nothing greater can be thought after all.
A few centuries later, Wang Fuzhi (1619 1692) elaborated these two basic categories from a realistic viewpoint, denied the classical concepts of non-existence and emphasized the objective reality that exists independently of human perception.
Such theory of causation is known as ārambhavāda, the theory that an effect always comes into existence out of a prior state of non-existence (as opposed to the theory of existent effect (satkāryavāda) advocated by the Sāṃkhya school).
For example, a being that is capable of non-existence is less great than a being that exists necessarily.
A later novel, As It Happened (2002), was roughed up in the Observer by Adam Mars-Jones: "Grammar is loose to the point of non-existence.
He checks out the sources for the much-repeated story that Hamlet was acted on board an English ship off the coast of Sierra Leone in 1607, and finds the evidence thin to the point of non-existence.
One can debate until one is blue in the face what the meaning of "non-existence" is, but while that may be an interesting philosophical question, it is really quite impotent, I would argue.
The thought of non-existence gives him the creeps, and the universe's indifference to anything's survival keeps reminding him that human values will be swallowed by the void, a consideration that freaks him out too.
If Thomas Wainewright was a shadowy figure, then Dr William Tabor (1802-1850) is crepuscular to the point of non-existence, a doctor who published two books of poetry, one early and one late in life.
