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Due to the dependency of several factors (solvent, temperature and influence of resins), the nature of native surface charge on asphaltene is still not fully established.
Air plasma pre-treatment proved to be effective in removal of hydrocarbon contaminants, leaving the surface highly hydrophilic irrespective of the fact that the thickness and roughness of native surface oxides remained unchanged.
The native surface was activated and modified using two-step process consisting in the activation of native surface with a H2O vapor plasma followed by its treatment with various organosilanes, namely, [3 tertbutylamine-2hydroxy) propyloxypropyl] diethoxymethylsilane, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctylmethyldimethoxysilane, dimethoxydimethylsilane, and isobutylmethyldimethoxysilane.
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Additionally, silanization usually decreases the roughness of native surfaces, and this fact may be behind the increased antiadhesive properties of modified surfaces [ 24– 28].
An advantage of this approach is that we take advantage of the native surface chemistry of these materials to achieve extraction, eliminating the need for surface patterning.
As discussed above, these phenomena are independent of the nature of the native surface.
The Rh of the resulting particles in the bulk is approximately 100 nm [ 19], and when adsorbed they effectively suppress protein adsorption on coated surfaces regardless of the properties of the native surface.
For biological applications, hydrophobic core/shell QDs are transferred into aqueous solutions through the incorporation of water-solubility imparting moieties, typically achieved via direct exchange of the native surface passivating ligands or indirectly through the adsorption of polymers.
Here we conducted a combined state-of-the-art experimental technique study of the atomic structure, oxidations states and electrical conductivity of the native surface oxides on a CuZrAl BMG formed at ambient conditions by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and conductive atomic force microscopy (AFM).
We have attributed these differences in adsorbed amounts after rinsing with solvent to the stability of the aggregates and to the wettability of the native surface [ 11].
The singular difficulty of aluminum to be a viable substrate is the stability of the native surface oxide, Al2O3, that inhibits good ohmic contact.
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