7 The potential for multiple interacting pathways of climate effects on human WNV risk further emphasizes the potential for spatially heterogeneous climate effects on WNV risk that are contingent on the localized interactions of landscapes, mosquitoes, avian communities, and human behaviors in response to a continually fluctuating climate.
Multiple interacting pathways contribute to this vascular shift toward the pro-thrombotic state, such as upregulation of von Willebrand factor [ 50, 51] and increased externalization of phosphatidylserine on the cell membrane [ 15].
Multiple, interacting pathways (e.g. autonomic dysfunction, coagulation, inflammation, vascular dysfunction) have been investigated to explain previous findings of acute cardiovascular (CV) events following short-term increases in particulate pollution (Brook et al. 2004, 2010; Rich et al. 2010).
These studies have successfully pinpointed multiple interacting molecular pathways that are involved in the determination of a subject's blood pressure.
These include transcription factors, multiple interacting signal pathways, promoter sequence modifications, and autocrine signaling.
Nevertheless, a cell type-specific genetic approach and the redundancy of mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial homeostasis need to be investigated, as pulmonary fibrosis is a complex disease that involves multiple interacting signaling pathways (Hecker et al., 2014).
Contact: [email protected] Cancers are complex diseases regulated by interactions of multiple signaling pathways interacting with each other.
However, as has occurred in studies in sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome, the negative studies probably reflect an inadequate understanding of the complexity of the underlying processes with multiple redundant and interacting pathways that may differ among the large number of different cell types involved.
This suggests a high complexity of interacting pathways with potential direct or indirect crosstalk at multiple levels.
Control of flowering time: interacting pathways as a basis for diversity.
