And as already noted, it is very difficult to detect outbreaks from ingestion of low-dose levels.
The primary purpose of the external exposure experiment was not to quantitatively determine the effects of low-dose levels of irradiation but to qualitatively reproduce the abnormalities, forewing-size reduction, and lethal effects that were obtained in the field-collected samples.
DNA adducts therefore still represent a more robust measure of carcinogen exposure at low dose levels.
Anti-tumour activity towards all three tumours at low dose levels of CV-6504 was effectively suppressed by concurrent administration of linoleic acid (1 g kg-1 day-1), suggesting that inhibition of linoleate metabolism was responsible for the anti-tumour effect.
Existing studies do not allow determination of a threshold dose for either blood lead or bone lead or the shape of the dose effect relationship at low dose levels.
Meanwhile, the Oxford Survey of Childhood Cancers and surveys of nuclear workers show that at low dose levels the cancer risk is much greater than estimates based on atomic bomb survivors; the special association between leukemia and radiation is an exclusively high dose effect, and levels of radiosensitivity are much lower in the middle of the life span than at either extreme.
Methylthiouracil promotes formation of basal celled vulval tumours at low dose levels, but inhibits it at the highest.
In Pavoid, the contralateral breast and lung volumes of low-dose level were the smallest.
Compared to the higher dose level (20 mg/L) of NaF, expression levels of miRNAs were more elevated in low dose level (8 mg/L).
There is additional mechanistic support for effects of iAs at very low dose levels, for example, via epigenetic and endocrine interactions (Arita and Costa 2009; Davey et al. 2007; Singh and DuMond 2007), as well as inhibition of DNA repair (Nollen et al. 2009).
Group 4 also received this particle sample but at half the dose of group 3 (particulate matter at low dose level, PM-LD).
