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The GAM plus cokriging model incorporates both variability of local means estimated with GAM and the large-scale regional variability useful for decreasing the bias of the prediction due to factors not accounted in the model [ 18].
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In order to calculate variance of local mean estimates, 4th moment of RSS is calculated.
where x0 is correlation distance of local mean power and xav is smoothing window length.
The complexity of local mean and the local variance is ≈ O l2), l = 2L + 1 is the window size.
This paper proposed a leak aperture recognition and location method based on root mean square (RMS) entropy of local mean deposition (LMD) and Wigner Ville time-frequency analysis.
For example, Niblack [19] and Sauvola et al. [27] used the linear combination of local mean and standard deviation for the thresholds.
Questions about the presence of local mean reversion or momentum in price processes are then to be addressed and answered by modeling and estimating arrival rate functions.
Finally, the measured roof pressures of commonly-used probability of occurrence are compared with Meecham's work in terms of local mean and peak pressures.
This is done using as an example micro-scale atmospheric dispersion models as they are commonly applied for the prediction of local mean concentrations and higher percentile values.
This paper reviews wind-tunnel and CFD techniques to determine PLW speeds expressed generally in terms of amplification factors defined as the ratio of local mean wind speed to mean wind speed at the same position without buildings present.
We comment here on the structure of local mean reversion especially if we replace δ(X) by its local linear approximation to get a non-Gaussian Ornstein-Uhlenbeck equation (Barndorff-Nielsen and Shephard 2001).
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