Polymorphisms of large effect explain the majority of the host genetic contribution to variation of HIV-1 virus load.
In particular, we note that many loci of large effect appear to be multiallelic.
This paper also discusses some of the open questions, such as how much more common beneficial mutations of small effect are than those of large effect.
Do changes between species occur through single mutations of large effect, or do they appear incrementally, through the collaboration of many mutations at many different loci?
Modifiers of large effect can become fixed, and also invade, in a wider parameter range than modifiers of small effect.
Willis, JH. "The role of genes of large effect on inbreeding depression in Mimulus guttatus". Evolution 53, no.
"So we can exclude the notion that rare, untagged genes of large effect explain the variance," says Visscher.
So far gene identification has been successful for the single genes of large effect implicated in rare Mendelian disorders.
This theory predicts that with substantial gene flow between populations local adaptation should proceed primarily through mutations of large effect or tightly linked clusters of smaller effect loci.
We find that interspecific divergence in all three traits is due to few QTL of large effect including a highly pleiotropic QTL on chromosome 8.
This strategy is robust in identifying highly penetrant variants, such as genes of large effect in Mendelian diseases.
