To the frustration of investigators, conventional methods of genetic fingerprinting have so far failed to distinguish among the various stocks of Ames anthrax possessed by the different laboratories.
For many years a small group of investigators pioneered methods to collect fluids and exfoliated cells from the breast ducts by applying suction (nipple aspiration) to the openings, and exfoliative cytology revealed that breast cancer-associated abnormalities could be detected in these samples [ 1- 6].
A number of investigators have developed methods for automatically de-identifying EHR documents by removing PHI, as specified in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act "Safe Harbor" method.
A number of investigators have developed methods for identifying such sample mix-ups (Westra et al. 2011; Ekstrøm and Feenstra 2012; Lynch et al. 2012; Schadt et al. 2012), and a similar approach was applied by Baggerly and Coombes (2008, 2009) in their forensic bioinformatics analyses of the Duke debacle.
This approach of method- triangulation [ 27] shall enable a more holistic view on the subject of research and provides the opportunity to partially overcome deficiencies of the investigators and/or methods.
Specifically, the researchers participating in the P30 Center recommended that a research-intensive environment facilitate the ability of investigators to discuss their methods, struggles, and findings in ways that unite investigators toward a common goal to advance the science and improve health care.
Only 22% of study investigators used methods to reduce bias from missing data; the rest either did not report how they dealt with missing data or excluded persons with missing data from the analysis.
A number of investigators have used this method in clinical studies to measure whole-body insulin sensitivity (11).
The ratio of villous area relative to nominal area, sometimes called the surface enlargement factor (SEF), has been previously measured in some bat species [39] [41] and in nonflying mammal species [39], [42] [50] by a number of investigators using a variety of methods.
The sensitivity of TDE at rest in our study was higher and this might be because the DETECT study presented a "real-world" echocardiographic assessment without clear pre-evaluation of investigators and training of this method.
