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▪ What is the purpose of informal payment?
▪ What is the moment of informal payment?
▪ What is the nature of informal payment?
Moreover, there was a wide practice of informal payment.
However, the rate of informal payment for inpatient care shows a steep increase over time, from 60%% of patients in 2009 to 82%% of patients in 2012.
The operation of the system of exemptions has improved and very few people report making gifts indicating a decline in these types of informal payment.
Similar(50)
Despite the fact that the existence of informal payments is widely recognised, little evidence is available on the role of information that patients and physicians have, in determining the amount paid informally.
The studies reviewed here include studies on the process of paying informally (when do patients pay informally, what is paid for, to whom and how) and the determinants of informal payments and in post-communist countries.
Ensor [34] analyzed 'endemic' corruption in the form of informal payments for health care services in transition economies.
Conclusions: The study provides important new insights into the incidence and nature of informal payments in the health sector in Bulgaria.
As governments seek to expand access to quality health care services, policy makers in many countries are confronting the problem of informal payments to medical personnel.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com