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We examined total and out-of-pocket expenditures, the probability of having expenditures that exceeded the gap threshold, and the probability of adherence to medications among three groups of Medicare Part D beneficiaries: 1) LIS beneficiaries, 2) those without the LIS who had gap coverage for medications (non-LIS/GC), and 3) those without the LIS who did not have gap coverage (non-LIS/non-GC).
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Both probability of having inpatient expenditure and expenditures were greater among youth with asthma than those without and greater among those with at least one severe hypoglycemia episode than among those with none (P < 0.05).
The probability of having inpatient expenditures decreased with age; however, the expenditure increased with age (P < 0.05).
The subgroup with insurance access had a much lower risk of having catastrophic expenditure and also had a lower chance of distress financing for seeking care for RTI.
We find no evidence that children living with smokers have a lower likelihood of having non-zero expenditures than children who do not live with smokers.
Barros (2009) finds that Seguro Popular reduces both the likelihood of having a positive expenditure on primary health care as well the size of the primary health care expenditures households incur in.
Having free health insurance increased the probability of having out-of-pocket expenditures by 14%%.
Only the effect of the free health insurance on the probability of having out-of-pocket expenditures is significant in the 2010 2012 period.
Also in Turkey, people with high education level have lower probability of having out of pocket expenditure as they have better health status [ 7, 29].
Thus, people with low education level have higher probability of having out of pocket expenditure as they may have worse health status.
The health insurance programs have positive signs in the regressions of the probability of having out-of-pocket health expenditures, but most of them are not significant.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com