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There are areas of communication where local translators (and there are plenty of general translation agencies in the region) will be sufficient.
Phosphorylation of eIF2α leads to attenuation of general translation initiation, but also to a concomitant translational activation of selected proteins, including ATF4 [ 12], a homologue of S. cerevisiae Gcn4p.
Inhibition of general translation is a common consequence of various stress stimuli [44], [45].
PERK also belongs to UPR and its activation induces phosphorylation of eIF2α triggering repression of general translation.
These processes included the GCN2-specific phosphorylation of eIF2α, inhibition of general translation, and accumulation of chaperone protein hsp70.
In our experiments, HeLa cells treated with MG132 and Bortezomib responded with accumulation of a chaperone protein hsp70, phosphorylation of eIF2α, and suppression of general translation.
Similar(37)
For instance, the analysis of MNs expressing physiological levels of mutated proteins will help to highlight irregularities in terms of SGs number, size and kinetics of aggregation/disassembly upon cessation of stress, and the effects of FUS mutations on general translation in normal conditions and under stress.
Since longevity is promoted by decreasing the levels of initiation factors required for general translation (eIF2β[ 39] or eIF2Bδ[ 40]) or of ribosomal proteins [ 39], it seems that impairing general protein synthesis, rather than specifically inhibiting cap-dependent translation, extends lifespan.
They suggested that the development of chemoresistance towards anti-neoplastic drugs in melanoma cell lines could be the results of a changed functionality of the general translation machinery.
However, the activation of these various pathways has similar results including DNA repair, suppression of global general translation, cell cycle arrest and, ultimately, either cell survival or cell death.
1) CDK1 is indeed a critical kinase of several general translation factors, as described by the reviewer.
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