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"If it stands, this approval will open the floodgates" for "the transfer of existing dwelling units as if they were air rights to authorize the construction of private parking garages in Manhattan," Mr. Boddington wrote in a letter in January to Derek Lee, the Building Department's Manhattan borough commissioner.
In the process of model optimization, a possible improvement of existing dwelling model is designed through cyclical and analyzing planning, and alternative solutions that are sustainable and affect each other.
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The hope is this would make houses more affordable and end the phenomenon where investors bid up the price of existing dwellings, squeezing first-home buyers out of the market.
While the city's population fell from 2.1 million to around 1.8m by the end of the war, horrendous inflation made new construction impossible, leading to extreme overpopulation of existing dwellings.
Climate change policies in the Netherlands recognise the importance of existing dwellings.
It is argued that the energy saving potential of existing dwellings, applauded in climate change policy, will remain unexploited if it continues to be assessed subjectively by householders.
This paper will be of interest to those considering the larger scale upgrade of existing dwellings (scaling up retrofit) to minimize energy and carbon use when working on dwellings that have challenging planning and preservation requirements.
Even after the establishment of the local board of health new properties were often built in the gardens of existing dwellings, leading to severe overcrowding.
The first assessment of the behaviour of an existing dwelling showed that the power of heat dissipation in the dwellings' thermal bridges is of the same magnitude order than heat loss in roof and much higher than in vertical opaque envelopes or openings, which enhances the need to reduce thermal bridges in the building.
These data are easily available for new developments; however, for existing dwellings, most of these data has to be gathered through site surveys.
Taking away negative gearing for the purchase of an existing dwelling – as Labor plans to do – would significantly restrict investors' ability to acquire larger sums of debt at the expense of other taxpayers.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com