Instead, steady-state CFD simulations using STAR-CD were applied to predict the fluctuation of equivalent mean wall shear stresses on the entire surface of pipes with various diameter changes (gradual and sudden expansions or contractions).
The novelty of this model is the introduction of the equivalent mean size and the evolution of the position of the critical state line with fines content for various sand-silt mixtures.
It has been shown that for this type of mean-field model, the average of many stochastic simulations (the expected outcome of the stochastic model) converges to the solution of the "equivalent" mean-field deterministic model in the limit of an infinite population size and subject to strict conditions regarding the initialisation of the epidemic (Kurtz 1970 , 1971 Simon and Kiss 2011).
"Like a door," or like a poem: a magically suspended rectangle, patterned like a carpet, "perpendicular" to one's expectations, and perhaps to prose, which has no equivalent means of hanging itself in the white space of the page.
The lack of equivalent bills means GOP leaders will have to decide on a path forward.
Although considerable attention has been paid to influenza A viruses, a lack of equivalent data means that an integrated evolutionary and epidemiological framework has until now not been available for influenza B viruses, despite their significant disease burden.
The second set of important results showed an equivalent mean number of visual stimuli recognized by participants after both training methods.
Once the xenografts were established, the mice were divided into five groups of ten mice, with equivalent mean tumour volumes for each group.
For those young and old included in the fMRI analysis, years of formal education were equivalent (mean 4.5 and 4.4 years after age 16 for young and old, respectively), but they differed marginally in NART IQ (mean estimated full scale IQ = 112.0 and 117.3, SDs = 6.2 and 6.9; t(22.4) = 2.97, 0.05 < P < 0.1).
The radiative properties of polydisperse water droplets are compared with those of monodisperse water droplets with equivalent mean diameters.
