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Environmental activists feared that the release of engineered insects could set off a cascade of events that nobody would be able to control.
EU can drive transgenes to high and stable frequencies but requires the release of sizeable numbers of engineered insects.
These two drive mechanisms were chosen because they differ dramatically in the critical number of engineered insects that need to be introduced.
We found that models without age-structure and mating details can substantially overestimate or underestimate the numbers of engineered insects that must be introduced.
We consider introduction of engineered insects homozygous for two co-dependent engineered constructs inserted into two nonhomologous autosomes, a and b.
We address three key questions: (i) Does the consideration of age structure significantly change the predictions for the number of engineered insects needed to achieve gene-drive?
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The success of such an approach depends on the field performance of the engineered insects, especially in terms of finding and mating with wild counterparts.
One new approach to pest management is the use of genetically engineered insects to suppress populations of their own species.
Compared with random mating, assortative mating by age directly reduces the percentage of the engineered insects that mate with wild-type insects in the case of single-age introduction and so increases the thresholds.
Results show that patchy release generally requires the release of fewer engineered insects to achieve success than central release.
However, a combination of EU and Wolbachia does not work better than EU alone because it requires the release of even more engineered insects.
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