The focus is on material-specific attributes which can only be identified when the variables involved in the 'dynamics of fire effluent generation' are rigorously standardised.
In the proposed process, ion-exchange resin catalyst not only helps to reduce the consumption of catalyst and the effluent generation considerably but also enhances the productivity of SOME biodiesel substantially by eliminating the purification steps (for example, neutralization of base/acid, moisture removal, filtration of the precipitated salts and water washing to adjust acid value).
Meanwhile, there are many shortcomings of the SmF process for biofuel production from solid substrate biomass, including high pretreatment costs, relatively low volumetric productivity, hard separation and purification of products, and much effluent generation [ 17- 19].
Though the requirement of ion-exchange resin catalyst for given biodiesel yield was comparatively higher than the studies of Vedaraman et al. [19], but overall specific consumption of ion-exchange resin catalyst was almost negligible due to complete recycle of the catalyst with minimum effluent generation.
In this process, resin catalyst was recycled and the yield of Sal oil biodiesel was unaffected after the recycling of catalyst for several times with negligible effluent generation.
Optimisation study revealed that 84.14% removal efficiency with zero effluent generation and a power consumption of 2.27 kW h/kg Pb removed could be achieved at 7.58 V and 0.057 M citric acid concentration.
In the proposed process, ion-exchange resin not only reduced catalyst consumption and effluent generation considerably but also enhanced the productivity of SOME biodiesel considerably by eliminating the steps of purification.
Furthermore, pronounced lessening in reagent consumption and effluent generation, estimated at 1.05 mg PAP and 0.7 mL of waste per determination.
For many water-intensive processes, water reuse can reduce water consumption as well as effluent generation.
However, undesirable high effluent generation and power consumption were also caused by these increments.
