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and might have hindered seedling establishment of eastern larch (Dufour-Tremblay et al. 2012).
Precipitation in spring and autumn could affect growth of eastern larch (L. laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch) in Manitoba, Canada (Girardin et al. 2005).
The biomass of eastern larch was slightly decreased (7.4, 7.4 and 11.1%) from well-watered to low-watered, and the effect of each part is insignificant.
Also, climate change could affect the species pair of eastern larch and paper birch (B. papyrifera Marshall) in boreal forests of eastern Canada.
Larger natural range of eastern larch contributes to its higher adaptation to the temporally and spatially variable soil conditions, including water availability.
Xeric origin of Prince Rupprecht's larch was more affected than mesic origin of eastern larch, mainly because Prince Rupprecht's larch originated in a narrower range of mountainous regions, resulting in lower adaptation of this species to water deficits, whereas eastern larch was distributed widely along coastal regions, contributing to higher phenotypic plasticity to variable soil conditions.
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So, we deduced that frequently occurring spring drought in northern China is the limiting factor to the tree recruitment, which in turn resulted in the narrower distribution of Prince Rupprecht's larch, and lower adaptation to water deficits compared to eastern larch.
Around 11 a.m. we were walking through the snow toward a grove of bare-branched trees — a graveyard of tamarack skeletons, victims of an Eastern larch beetle infestation.
In this paper, we selected Prince Rupprecht's larch and white birch of Chinese seed origin, eastern larch and paper birch of Canadian seed origin to compare their drought responses.
The photosynthetic rates of Prince Rupprecht's larch, eastern larch, white birch and paper birch were significantly reduced by 12.4, 12.9, 51.9 and 10.0%, respectively (Fig. 5b, P < 0.05).
Total leaf area, shoot height, root collar diameter and total root area of Prince Rupprecht's larch and eastern larch were all slightly reduced by the low-watered treatment (P > 0.05, Fig. 4).
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