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We have described the risk of bias of each included trial in the Characteristics of included studies tables.
The author extracted the results of each included paper on a data extraction sheet.
First, the author determined the geographic center point of each included census tract in ArcMap 10.1.
The corresponding author of each included study was contacted and asked for individual patient data.
The quality of each included trial was assessed according to the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool [22].
The contribution of each included study to the pooled estimate (weight) is plotted as a percentage in the right column.
These are itemised in Table 3 and used to assess the internal and external validity of each included study.
We also snowballed (i.e., searched the references section of each included study to find further articles) included articles and contacted experts to obtain further references.
A meta-review is a systematic overview of reviews, in which all available systematic reviews are included and rigorous appraisal of each included systematic review is undertaken [9].
The methodological quality of each included study was individually assessed using a newly developed general assessment tool Assessing the Methodological Quality of Published Papers (AMQPP).
Listed below is a summary of each included dataset, as well as URLs to each source and rationale for their selection.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com