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Place your decks on the lid of the small box, and poke holes through the center point of each deck.
Participants were not given any cues or signals during the game about the content of each deck.
This manipulation increased the contrast between gain and loss, and increased participant sensitivity to the embedded rule of each deck.
The questionnaire asked subjects to recall the number of each deck they chose in the both games (total 200 trials), and, according to their present preferences, to allocate 200 trials for the four decks.
Following 20 trials of the game, participants began shifting their preference to deck C. According to the suggestion of Damasio, participants seemed to identify the future consequences of each deck earlier than in the original IGT.
However, it has been shown that healthy subjects optimize their performance during the task by learning the properties of each deck and subsequently change their strategy toward choosing from the advantageous decks only (Brand et al., 2007).
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The New Yorker noted, "Mr. Toan has anticipated the need for a certain amount of privacy, and, accordingly, on each deck there are four private rooms, each of them a cubicle seven feet on a side".
Also, because the non-automated IGT version has fixed numbers of cards for each deck, better performers ran out of safe picks before reaching the final round of choices and had to pick from the risky decks out of lack of choice.
Dunn et al. [ 14] sampled 38 IGT related studies to demonstrate that only five studies [ 18, 19, 23, 25, 53] utilized the "four-deck format" to display their findings (i.e., the number of card turnings for each deck over a total of 100 trials being shown separately).
*** p <.001, **p <.01, *p <.05 The means and standard deviations for all 100 trials of the card task for each deck are presented in Table 3.
After completing the two-stage game, subjects were required to recollect the number of trials they chose for each deck, thereby recording their preference on a conscious level.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com