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In oxide glasses containing transition-metal ions, for instance, it is believed that electronic conductivity occurs as the hopping of an electron between two transition-metal ions of differing valence that are separated by an oxygen atom.
The second animation used two charges of differing valence.
However, in some cases impurities of differing valence (that is, possessing different numbers of bonding electrons) may be included in the material, and these impurities may act as donors or acceptors of electrons.
Results appear consistent across outcomes of differing valence (Study 5).
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Table 4 summarizes the cost-effectiveness estimates of PCVs of differing valences compared with no vaccination.
On P200, the central region is affected by valence, whereas on N200 all prefrontal, frontal, and central electrodes differ in terms of processing stimuli of different valences.
Event-related potential (ERP) studies of early evaluative categorization have often used variants of an oddball paradigm to assess attention to target stimuli as a function of content (i.e., valence) and context (e.g., presentation among non-targets differing in valence).
Similarly, gender effects were present in both cohorts of researchers but differ in valence.
Therefore, it appears that similar brain systems reflect the decoding of both biological and symbolic emotional signals of positive valence, differing mainly in the speed of meaning access, which is more direct and faster for facial expressions than for words.
Finally, we test whether the effects of emotional valence differ for words specifically referring to emotions (e.g., fear, love, shame) versus words that are only valenced (e.g., prison, justice, cheat).
But there is a different valence in a relationship that involves the social construct of marriage.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com