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To compute the overall bias we averaged the bias across sessions for each rat and then tested using a t-test whether the bias across rats was significantly different from 0. However, this statistical test is conservative, since it collapses across all trials of differing difficulty levels and different sessions.
Similar(57)
Much of the controversy revolves around general interpretations of holistic results from raw, un-trialled tests that accumulate data from deletions representing items of widely differing difficulty.
The mathematical model explains 50.9% of the variance in the observations, with differing knowledge of the participants explaining 21.3% and the differing difficulty of the items explaining 29.6%.
In this context, the differing difficulty of the individual deletions is pivotal, rather than being a challenge to text reliability (as noted by Brown 2013).
The added difficulty comes for the parents of children of differing ages, as a four-year-old will likely not grasp irony or sarcasm in the same way a 10-year-old can.
The SF-36 is therefore be a useful tool for evaluating the difference between differing categories of difficulty in initiating sleep.
People of differing ages and backgrounds are encouraged to participate.
The majority of the participants were migrants of differing ages.
Namely, various living species possess eyes of differing complexity.
Results appear consistent across outcomes of differing valence (Study 5).
Dogma has replaced thoughtful discussion between people of differing views".
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com