Sentence examples for of different pollinators from inspiring English sources

Johnson, Anderson and collaborators have documented pollination ecotypes involving phenotypic divergence and attraction of different pollinators to conspecific populations of Gladiolus (Iridaceae) and several orchids in South Africa (e.g. Johnson 1997, 2010; Johnson and Steiner 1997; Anderson et al. 2010; Peter and Johnson 2014).

In this model, pollinator shifts (utilization of different pollinators through modification of floral traits) are induced by changes in the local pollinator fauna, either because of expansion of a species range or because of a change in pollinator composition over time (Johnson 2006).

Flowers diversify among plant species because they are differentially successful at influencing the sensory judgments and cognitive decisions of different pollinators.

Flower structure and complexity as described above suggest further that flowering plants had the potential to radiate by use of different pollinators and seed dispersers (see Evolution of floral disparity, below).

(For examples of pollination ecotypes in addition to those discussed below, see the special issue of Annals of Botany 113(2) (2014).) Selective drivers of this divergence may be direct differences in abundance, reliability or behaviour of different pollinator species, or indirect differences in pollinator availability imposed by competing flower species.

This study used field surveys in conjunction with cage manipulations to identify the relative contributions of different pollinator taxa to the pollination of two widespread flowering crops, field beans and oilseed rape.

There was no significant difference in the visitation rates of different pollinator taxa in oilseed fields (F4-98 = 1.17, P = 0.33) (Fig. 2).

However, little experimental work has studied the responses of different pollinator species within a guild.

In this study, we have investigated a contact site between Ophrys arachnitiformis and O. lupercalis, two sympatric orchid species that are usually reproductively isolated via the exploitation of different pollinator "niches", but occasionally hybridise despite their apparent combination of ethological and mechanical isolation barriers.

These provide rich resources to better understand the genetic basis of adaptation to different pollinators and habitats that in turn leads to rapid speciation.

In place of 'floral isolation s.l.', I will usually refer directly to the selective mechanisms involved in reducing interspecific pollination (e.g. divergent adaptations to different pollinators, reinforcement of reproductive isolation or character displacement).