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Simon says: Children who lack Vitamin D are at risk of developing rickets, which leads to weakness and deformity of developing bones.
Additionally, solely breastfed infants whose mothers were vitamin D deficient during pregnancy have smaller reserves of the nutrient and are at greater risk of developing rickets.
This suggests that Gambian children with poor iron status and/or a genetic predisposition are at greater risk of developing rickets because of their low calcium intake, possibilities that will be explored in future studies.
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The chronic and severe vitamin D deficiency leads to depletion of bone reservoirs of calcium and phosphate and insufficient bone matrix mineralization, which is a risk for developing rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults [ 1, 6- 12].
Many children who lived in the crowded and polluted industrialized cities of northern Europe developed rickets.
Conversely, there is some evidence that infants who develop rickets, a consequence of vitamin D deficiency, are at increased risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus (Hyppönen et al. 2001).
The mutant animals exhibit malfunctions in systemic calcium homeostasis and develop rickets [11].
VDR null mice develop rickets and fail to undergo the first postnatal hair growth phase (anagen), resulting in alopecia and conversion of follicles into cysts with IFE differentiation [15], which is highly reminiscent of the effects of impaired epidermal Wnt signalling [16].
Findlay, a prominent Scottish physician, in 1908 was convinced rickets was caused by lack of activity and not lack of sun exposure and to prove the point he did an intervention study whereby he put rodents in a glass enclosure so that they could not move and exposed them to sunlight and demonstrated they developed rickets.
In this way the risk of developing respiratory infection in children is increased by coexisting nutritional rickets.
Secondary HPT caused by oral phosphate supplements can be counteracted by increasing the doses of calcitriol, with the risk of developing hypercalcuria and nephrocalcinosis, or by reducing the phosphate dose, with the risk of worsening rickets (64).
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