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The contribution of various spices of core level spectra is listed in Table 1.
The peak position of core level spectra confirms the presence of CuInAlS2 from XPS analysis.
As mentioned above, the fit of core level spectra of all films (before and after treatment) demonstrates the presence of structural units with homopolar bonds (see Fig. 2).
Very high-resolution spectra were acquired to determine the binding energy of core level and the valence band maximum energy in the survey spectra.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements of core level binding energy (BE) and valence band region are used to investigate the contribution of charge transfer resulting from the bonding of these two dissimilar metals in a layered structure.
Both Ni 2p and Co 2p core level region shows a complex spectral profile (Fig. 3) containing mixture of core level and intense shake-up satellite signals towards the higher BE side of the main peak, which can be ascribed to the multi-electron excitation processes [42].
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The binding energies of core levels are calibrated by setting the adventitious carbon 1-s peak at 284.6 eV [20].
An accurate value of ΔE V = 0.82 ± 0.12 eV was obtained from various combinations of core levels of heterojunction with varied Al2O3 thickness.
An accurate value of ΔEV = 0.72 ± 0.11 eV was obtained from various combinations of core levels of heterojunction with varied MgO thickness.
High-energy resolved XPS spectra of core levels revealed the formation of Ti N, Ti O N, Si N and Al O N bonds.
This greatly simplifies the act of choosing the right voltages/frequencies in the presence of core-level load fluctuations.
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