Neglecting the spatial variability of hydraulic parameters leads to overestimation of the mean and COV of the flow rate in earth dams, which could lead to conservative design of dams.
However, the over-estimation of the uncertainties leads to conservative design decisions.
Therefore, the performance of the conservative design is relatively more sensitive to the target FLR.
The second limitation is also important because there is evidence that energy-consuming processes in laboratory buildings, especially HVAC systems, are inefficient because of highly conservative design practices.
The concrete slab and steel beam contribute to the torsional strength and stiffness of a composite steel concrete beam, but this composite action is usually ignored in design codes of practice, which leads to conservative designs.
Despite the perception that a design which uses the maximum velocity to estimate the time-of-concentration and the time-of-travel produces a conservative design, this comparison shows that this is not the case when compared to another design which uses the average wave celerity.
Although of a relatively conservative design, similar to that of Longleat from half a century earlier, the hall seems to have been considered progressive in provincial Cheshire.
with 95% confidence interval, power of 80%, odds ratio of 2.0, an estimated 26% male partners involvement in PMTCT [ 10], rural to urban ratio of 2 : 1, and a conservative design effect of 2.0 to accommodate for intracluster variability.
