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We first examined the distribution of complex complexity, the number of unique proteins in a complex.
Similar observations were made when the median length of proteins was studied in the context of complex complexity [Additional file 5].
Here, we find evidence that protein length, predicted secondary structure and isoelectric point, as well as the nonsynonymous/synonymous substitution ratio of genes are associated with our measures of complex complexity and participation.
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However, such a trend was not observed for human possibly because a significant number of proteins which contribute to complex complexity are not known to be essential.
Thus, for the complex data available, we observed that both the mean and median dN/dS ratios of genes negatively correlates with the complex complexity.
A second random model (Model 2) of the complexes which uses the complex complexity and participation preserving rewiring method, first introduced by Maslov and Sneppen [ 37] was also tested [see Additional file 1].
In terms of trends, we find that as the complexity of the complex increases, the mean dN/dS ratio of human genes of associated constituent proteins tends to decrease suggesting that complex complexity negatively correlates with purifying selective pressure on genes.
In this study, we focus on two characteristics of complexes: the complexity of a complex as represented by the number of unique proteins in a complex and the number of complexes a particular protein participates in.
Qualitatively, a complexity measure is considered good if: (1) the complexity of simple and random objects is less than the complexity value of complex objects [17], (2) the complexity of an object does not change if the system size changes.
Defragmentation of repeats performed by RE ANNOTATE could also solve a problem that has plagued automated annotation of complex repeats: low-complexity regions within library sequences of reference high-complexity (dispersed) repeats, which results in low-complexity repeats in chromosomal sequence being annotated by R EPEATM ASKER as high-complexity repeats [ 22].
The Cochrane Collaboration is also calling for exemplar reviews of complex interventions where complexity is considered important.
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