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Using the concepts of the equivalent phase comparison frequency, group period phase processing, phase group synchronization and phase quantization step and so on, and the high stability of common frequency source, the resolution with picosecond or subpicosecond can be easily obtained and ±1 count error in traditional phase comparison approach can be eliminated.
We show that current approaches can detect only a small fraction of common frequency causal variants.
Fay and Wu's H statistic compares the distribution of common frequency alleles with intermediate frequency alleles by comparing θH with θπ, and is more robust to demographic changes [ 24].
Allelic heterogeneity can arise from ethnic background differences across populations being meta-analyzed (for example, in search of common frequency variants through genome-wide association studies), and through the presence of multiple low frequency and rare associated variants in the same functional unit of interest (for example, within a gene or a regulatory region).
Moreover, the number of markers comprising bins of common frequency (6,894,397 markers with MAF > 0.05) is much lower than the number of markers comprising bins of low frequency (23,178,341 markers with MAF < 0.05), which usually have low imputation quality.
Increased susceptibility to breast cancer (BC) has been shown to be caused by germline segregation of three different classes of alleles: 1) high-penetrance genes with rare risk variants, 2) moderate-penetrance genes, also with rare variants and 3) low-penetrance alleles of common frequency [ 1].
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For European mobile operators, the plan could lay the foundation for an E.U.-wide set of common frequencies that could accelerate the use of wireless Internet by leading to the creation of a single broadband market that crosses national borders.
A minority of common-frequency SNPs with particular properties cannot be accurately imputed regardless of QC stringency.
International efforts through numerous campaigns such as World Kidney Day have made the medical community aware of the common frequency of chronic kidney disease (CKD), its strong association with diabetes, and higher attributed mortality [ 7].
The allelic architecture of complex traits is likely to be underpinned by a combination of multiple common frequency and rare variants.
Its primary and secondary transmitters broadcast different harmonics of a common frequency as continuous waves, rather than pulses.
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