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It's actually a filthy mixture of bitumen, sand, heavy metals and toxic organic chemicals.
After around 20 years, give or take, the top layer of bitumen oxidises and becomes brittle.
Only 8-16% of the material takes the form of bitumen, the desirable, energy-rich bit.
The cheapest black varnish is Brunswick black, a solution of bitumen in white spirit.
It takes over a tonne of bitumen to make one useful barrel of oil.
To stop potholes forming, it seems, you have to remove and replace the top layer of bitumen before it degrades.
"It just seems rather insane to consider putting this amount of bitumen in a community of people".
It is estimated that if the pipeline were approved, the rate of bitumen extraction would increase by 36%.
Asphalt is a mixture of bitumen and stone, and concrete is a mixture of cement and stone.
After the Corridor acquisition, the partnership said its lines would carry about half of the production of bitumen from Alberta's tarlike oil sands.
Among those effects are environmental and climatic ones resulting from the inevitable expansion of bitumen refining facilities in the United States.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com