Two other studies retrospectively assessed whether HCWs were aware of being observed, eliminating the need for observer blinding.
"Like all writers and journalists, you're more used to being in the role of an observer than in the position of being observed," said Mr. Morton, who has also written biographies of MADONNA and MONICA S. LEWINSKY.
The image is a haunting one, if only because Toibin's last, much acclaimed novel, "The Master," was preoccupied with a man watching the world from an upstairs window, a secret sharer, relishing the power of being an observer while terrified, deep down, of being observed himself.
Others have been based on studies of short duration (less than a few weeks) where the action of being observed may positively or negatively influence the performance of the observee ("observer" effect).
There may also have been an important observation bias, where participants behave differently purely as a result of being observed.
Structured observation is subject to the reactivity in which the circumstance of being observed may influence the participants' behavior (Hawthorne effect) [ 10].
A writer should be in the position of observing, not of being observed.
Though there is no one in the hall, I am still conscious of being observed.
Almost none of them evince a sense of being observed by the artist.
The back sends a strong erotic signal to viewers because people with their backs turned aren't aware of being observed.
Bending over, about to read the inscription on a fallen stone, I had the sudden sensation of being observed.
