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This is attributed not only to backfilling process and mechanical properties of backfill material (Karfakis et al. 1996), but also to the mining-induced motion law of roof strata.
Combined with engineering practice, we calculated the unstable time period of backfill material.
The long-term stability of backfill material is the key to retaining roadways successfully.
Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) provides a two-dimensional (2D) profile of the bulk resistivity of backfill material in situ.
Upon the successful calibration of the calculation model, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the influence of backfill material, dip angle, burial depth and pipe strength.
The rate of thermal conductivity change decreases gradually with the increase of the thermal conductivity of backfill material with constant borehole diameter.
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This indicates that the effect of backfill materials on the thermal conductivity of soil is limited.
We must investigate the hydraulic properties by experiments and evaluate quantitatively the hydraulic-conductivities of sand bentonite mixtures to design specifications, such as dry density and bentonite content, of backfill materials.
This study is aimed at the application of the desulfurization of slags (DDS) in the production of controlled low strength materials (CLSM) to effectively address the problems of the increase of waste products and the shortage of construction materials as well as to improve the quality of backfill materials.
The pipe deformation was found to decrease with the increase in pipe diameter, and with the increase in the elastic modulus of backfill materials.
Sufficiently high values (over 0.8W/mK) of thermal conductivity found demonstrate that the proposed mixtures are appropriate to the practical application of backfill materials for underground boreholes and pipes.
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