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Participants scored their subjective perception of average pain intensity on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) [28].
The distribution of benefit is skewed and the use of average pain scores, or change in pain, can be misleading compared with responder analysis in which withdrawal is regarded as non-response.
Primary efficacy end point was the mean of average pain intensity (API) scores, rated on a 0- to 10-point numeric scale, over the last 2 days before the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics day of each double-blind period.
Headache features included a measure of average pain intensity on a scale of 0 10 with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating the most severe pain possible [17].
This calculation in effect produces a measure of average pain intensity over the study period.
The optimal CPs had the highest association of average pain with WOMAC pain scores.
Similar(31)
Additional secondary analyses will estimate effects of the intervention on average pain; self-efficacy for pain control; and self-efficacy for communication with the physician.
However, the severity levels of BPI average pain represent a reduction of the 11-level classification to a 3-level scale, which involves a considerable lack of information and also limits the choice of statistical methods for data analysis.
However, there was variability in patients' interpretation of the "average pain" item, so results did not support the content validity of this item in patients with mCRPC.
The mean score of item "average pain" during the last 24 hours in the BPI was 4.1.
At 3-months post injury, they are experiencing disability in at least one important life domain (≥5 on the pain disability index) and moderate levels of pain (average pain intensity ≥ 4 on the NRS scale).
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