Sentence examples for of artificial damage from inspiring English sources

The results present the different scattered field of the guided waves at the joint as a function of frequency, mode, excitation angle and presence of artificial damage.

The results include reflection, transmission and also scattering of the guided waves at the joint as a function of frequency, propagating mode and presence of artificial damage.

Usually, mechanical damage to plant foliage elevates VOC release in case of artificial damage carried out by researchers [40]; however, mechanically damaged M. aquatica does not exhibit emissions as intense or with the same compositional pattern as after herbivory.

The VOC emissions were measured for 1 2 h after a single bout of artificial damage.

This technique has a distinct biomechanical basis, saves time, requires relatively lower-cost and introduces a low risk of artificial damage.

Because of the manufacturing process of seam bonds, the reliable preparation of artificial damages with adhesive is not possible.

Our results add to the notion that tolerance may differ depending on the type of damage, and that estimates of tolerance to artificial damage should not be directly interpreted as tolerance against damage by herbivores.

To investigate tolerance to artificial damage, i.e. to a combination of clipping and spraying with jasmonic acid, we repotted 2 16 seedlings per family (totally 149 families).

Tolerance to artificial damage was assessed as the difference in fitness between undamaged and damaged plants of the same family and tolerance to snail damage was assessed as the slope of the proportion of leaf area damaged and number of fruits produced after damage [21].

The results allowed for conclusions to be drawn regarding the adequacy of the artificial damage approach and highlighted the importance and role of other forms of degradation upon damage tolerance of laminated composites containing damage.

Identification of propagation vibrational modes and measurements of mode energy amplitude are used to correlate the spectral energy change to the extension of an artificial damage introduced to the cable sample by a notch transversal to the pulse propagation.