It is a member of the grape family, and a textbook example of an invasive ornamental.
Rogers, H. S. et al. Effects of an invasive predator cascade to plants via mutualism disruption.
The culprit was neither blight nor the appearance of an invasive, fruit-hungry beetle.
Typical characteristics of an invasive species include the absence of predators, hardiness, and a generalist diet.
The older shells were collected before the introduction of an invasive crab, Carcinus maenas, which preys on N. lapillus.
But it bears all the marks of an invasive plant: wind-dispersed seeds that thrive in disturbed areas.
Deng et al. (2004): Gas exchange characteristics of an invasive weed species and its indigenous congener.
How do land management practices affect net ecosystem CO 2 exchange of an invasive plant infestation?
Caut, S., Angulo, E. & Courchamp, F. Dietary shift of an invasive predator: rats, seabirds and sea turtles.
Takahara, T., Minamoto, T. & Doi, H. Using environmental DNA to estimate the distribution of an invasive fish species in ponds.
Colautti, R. I. & Barrett, S. C. H. Rapid adaptation to climate facilitates range expansion of an invasive plant.
