Internal consistency of the adapted scale was good and compared favourably to the internal consistency in its original setting (Cronbach's α = 0.76 vs Cronbach's α = 0.72) [ 18].
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis of responses to the adapted scale examined dimensionality, construct and concurrent validity, and reliability of nurses' response data.
To measure virtual empathy we applied an adapted scale of the CAES (López-Pérez et al., 2008; Gorostiaga et al., 2014) consisting of 33 items measuring the adoption of perspective, emotional understanding, empathic stress and empathic joy, with responses being recorded on a Likert scale ranging from 1 (totally disagree), 2 (disagree), 3 (agree) and 4 (totally agree).
The answer to each item in the adapted scale requires recording of a score in the range of 0 11.
Convergent validity is evaluated by assessing the level of association between scores on the adapted scale and those on a comparator scale that measures related constructs.
However, potential users of these incompletely adapted scales (Finnish, Flemish, Russian language) should be encouraged to complete the translation and assistance of authors of this paper is offered – if needed.
In the case of psychological scales, we adapted scales to measure gender norms[ 46] and stigma[ 47], and the scale items were administered during interviews with 3 options for an answer: agree, no opinion, and disagree.
Our analysis efforts focused first on validating the reliability of the data provided by the adapted SCALEs methodology and on assessing the enriched resistance regions as well as the overlap among enrichment patterns obtained for each aminoglycoside.
This 26-item survey is an amalgam of adapted versions of the Palliative Outcome Scale (POS) [ 34] and (POS-S) [ 35], the NIVEL quality indicators for palliative care [ 36, 37] and a limited number of questions related to the 7 C's of the Gold Standard Framework [ 22].
The results of the adapted PEDro-scale, used to evaluate study quality, are presented in Table 2.
