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Anti-tumour cell potency and mechanism of action data is also described for the most potent compounds.
Consequently, further research is needed to establish the nature of thresholds in in vitro assays and to determine the potential for incorporation of mode of action data into future risk assessments.
Thus, the integration of action data (describing the effect of a drug acting on a cell) with an intrinsic gene network (derived from a patient population) not only provides a novel in silico prioritization tool in the early preclinical stage, but can also suggest a potential treatment strategy based on the gene networks.
For example, XR5944 was evaluated in the NCI human cell line panel (Gamage et al, 2001) and COMPARE analysis showed lack of correlation with known topoisomerase poisons and suggested a unique mechanism of action (data not shown).
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In contrast with hepatic vacuolation (a noncancer effect), mode-of-action data are available for dichloromethane-induced cancer.
The IRIS review also concluded that neither animal data nor mode-of-action data were sufficient to support the epidemiology findings for lymphohematopoieitc malignancies.
Importantly, one needs to consider the hematotoxicity and animal leukemia data in the context of the epidemiology and mode-of-action data, as each of the three lines of evidence inform interpretation of each other.
Grouping the adjacent, but anatomically distinct, end points of primary liver cancer and biliary cancer, which includes cancer of the gallbladder, limits application of mode-of-action data and may introduce misclassification bias.
Importantly, one needs to consider the mode-of-action data in the context of the epidemiology and hematotoxicity data, as each of the three lines of evidence inform interpretation of the other.
As described in the US EPA (2005) cancer risk assessment guidelines, a weight-of-evidence evaluation for cancer requires consideration of existing human data, animal data, and mode-of-action data.
As a whole, considering these questions allows for an assessment of the extent to which the genotoxicity and mode-of-action data support either a causal association between formaldehyde exposure and leukemia or an alternative hypothesis.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com