Studying a more realistic model that incorporates correlations in the feed-forward input, spatially restricted cortical interactions, and an experimentally derived layout of pinwheels, we show that recent optical-imaging data of ongoing activity in V1 are consistent with the presence of either a single background state or multiple attractor states encoding many features.
For the task of dynamic adaptation of LMs applied to ASR we have achieved a relative reduction in WER of 13.52% over a single background language model.
To elucidate the nature of this ongoing activity, we present a theoretical treatment of two contrasting scenarios of cortical dynamics: (1) fluctuations about a single background state and (2) wandering among multiple "attractor" states, which encode a single or several stimulus features.
For instance a QTL may not be effective in a single background (one of the eight parents), but maybe be effective in the MAGIC populations (a mixed background of the 8 parents).
In our analysis, 1,166 sites out of all 1,187 substitution sites had mixtures of substituted and non-substituted nucleotides from plants of a single genetic background.
This observation suggests that the mode of interaction between NFκB and other proteins, such as ER, is also target gene dependent, even in the context of a single molecular background.
By contrast, we can expect considerable variations in phenotypic penetrance, despite the use of a single genetic background, with the result that some lines will require analysis of many more null embryos than others in order to detect the resulting abnormalities.
A model consisting of a single zero order background state was optimized on the training sequence and used as background score.
Section Methods introduces the excess hazard model in case of a single event, the background of the competing risk methodology, then presents our competing risk models proposed to estimate jointly the excess mortality and the recurrent-specific hazards.
