Secondly, ST-scales and T-scales consist of a PCA of mostly topological properties [26, 28].
Our work shows that the inclusion of a PCA term can be employed for this purpose.
The top panel in Figure 2 displays the results of a PCA based on selected water data.
Fig. 6 Score plots (a, b) showing the result of a PCA on the elemental (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P) composition of the grain, stem and leaves.
The results of a PCA, based on the quantitative determinations (phenolic, flavonoid, and phenolic acid contents and the estimation of antioxidant capacity by three methods) are showed in the Fig. 5.
It is possible to find in some cases, especially in the presence of a modestly sized adenoma, a sometimes asymmetrical hypertrophy of the AFMS, which can mimic the presence of a PCa.
Fig. 5 Score plots (a, b) showing the result of a PCA on the elemental (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P) composition of the aboveground biomass grouped either according to P fertiliser applied (a) or BE inoculation (b).
The loadings of the second principal component (Fig. 4b) showed that the most negative loading seen was for the element P followed by Zn and K. Fig. 4 Score plot (a) showing the result of a PCA on the elemental (B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, P, S, Zn) composition of the youngest fully developed leaf measured at 25 days after sowing in the UCPH experiment.
The ICA algorithm applied is based on 5 components of a PCA and calculates the maximal independence of non-Gaussian distributed data.
Significant associations with low values of a PCA axis are not biologically meaningful and therefore are not included in the results.
