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However, comparison of the Figs. 7(a) with 7(b) reveals that propagation through a turbid slab of a fixed thickness consistently provides a more stringent filter for coherent amplitude as compared to polarization.
This is why, for a given material, the reflectivity is typically weaker at high fields; it is also weaker at low fields, as the number of cholesteric layers in the cell of a fixed thickness decreases as the pitch increases, Figure 3a.
It was found that the common on-site TSL practice of application of a fixed thickness (3 5 mm) for a given diameter does not contribute the toughness enhancement or pillar reinforcement.
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The remaining layers had a fixed thickness of 2.1 mm.
Here fv is the normalized pressure drop factor, — Δp′ is the pressure across a fixed thickness L of the porous bed, ε is the porosity, d′s is the equivalent spherical particle diameter, D is the bed diameter, U is the superficial velocity or fluid discharge rate, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid and Rem is the modified Reynolds number.
All multilayer coatings had a same total thickness of about 2.5 μm, and the TiSiN layer had a fixed thickness and the Ag layer had different thicknesses.
The result of the compromise is a puddle of a nearly fixed thickness.
To quantitatively study the performance of the device for imaging palpability, a composite structure was fabricated with a soft silicone foam matrix of modulus EM ∼ 178 kPa imbedded with a stiffer filler (of fixed thickness, 3 mm; see Figure S2 in SI).
Oxide films of approximately fixed thickness were galvanostatically grown on Ti in 0.5 M H2SO4 at various current densities.
It was shown that by increasing the number of cells, for fixed thicknesses of layers and wavelength in a gap, the PT exhibits [7] the observed Hartman effect [2, 3].
Paint was prepared following a protocol commonly used in industry and in other studies [1, 2] in order to achieve reproducible and smooth paints of a fixed layer thickness.
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