The presence of seasonal species, which disappear during a part of the year, is a typical element of rich and diverse habitats, hosting a complex biodiversity varying not only in space, but also in time [69].
Shade-grown coffee is cultivated below the canopy of the trees, integrated into the complex biodiversity of the landscape.
Several researchers are interested in metagenomics because it provides an insight into the complex biodiversity across several environments.
However, due to a combination of the paucity of genetic data, confusing, incorrect or unresolved taxonomy and the complex biodiversity and history (geological and paleoclimatic) of the region, the phylogeographic paradigm for the Indian subcontinent remains vague [10], [11].
Complex biodiversity was still in the process of reestablishment after the Permian end mass extinction event [ 65, 67, 68].
Exotic plants have a complex effect on biodiversity in urban areas.
More precisely in Europe, the Mediterranean basin characterized by an exceptional level of biodiversity and a complex geological history [ 7], has been the subject of intensive studies carrying out on genetic diversity and phylogeography.
When employed in large numbers over extended periods of time, trackers can gather large quantities of complex, rich biodiversity data that cannot be gathered in any other way.
A complex set of variables may explain biodiversity patterns both locally and regionally.
Assessing alternative ways to re-connect landscapes is a complex task, requiring knowledge of how biodiversity will respond over time to alternative conservation actions, such as replanting, managing areas of natural regrowth or protecting existing habitat.
