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The research focus was on an identification of a causality of the high-valuable or premium (i.e. VIPs, FFP- and Golden−/Silver−/Platinum card members, first-class and business passengers) passengers' importance to the airline and a conceivable influence of this importance on decisions on delays within its operation execution and disruptive events.
Recent methods allow structural reconstruction of a causality network (e.g., Neto et al., 2010 ; Hageman et al., 2011 ; Wang and van Eeuwijk, 2014 ), and can therefore be applied on each module to reveal its internal structure.
Firstly, as discussed above, the fact that psychosis is associated with a higher rate of insecure avoidant attachment is not per se the proof of a causality of attachment disruptions on the later onset of psychosis.
They will determine the presence or absence by use of a causality assessment tool for surgical patients based on tools such as the Naranjo probability score and the WHO-UMC [ 28, 29].
First, though selection based on unobservables is an intrinsic problem of non-experimental evidence, the relevance of our results does not depend on the correct identification of a causality relationship (which can be achieved only through proper clinical trial designs).
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The concept of conducting a causality analysis based on genetic marker data has been explored by several authors [ 13- 22].
Large concert venues are incredibly expensive to stage and often become a causality of increased costs and decreased demand.
Thus, the statistically negative correlation may also be the result of a reverse causality.
Nevertheless, irrespective of A, the causality of Σ is inherited by λ, so that Reλ and Imλ are mutually convertible through the Kramers-Kronig transform (KKT).
Highlights the evaluation of considerations as a basis of deliberation: the benefits or burdens of a policy, causality of a certain policy and the evaluative values to be considered.
Thus, the possibility of a reversed causality cannot be excluded.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com