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In a first instance these materials were tested in the OECD Testing Programme.
Given the often identified need for modification of OECD testing guidelines, the use of these cannot per se be assigned high regulatory adequacy.
These authors further observed that electron microscopy of selected tissues may be useful in studies designed to elucidate a chemical's mechanism of action, but it is not a recommended approach in OECD testing guidelines because the relatively small amount of tissue evaluated cannot be considered representative (Williams & DeSesso, 2010).
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As alternatives to the Draize test, the BCOP test (OECD Test Guideline 437), the ICE test (OECD Test Guideline 438), and the Fluorescein Leakage test (TG 460) have found acceptance in regulatory toxicology.
Its students appear to be going backwards: they gained lower results in the OECD tests in 2009 than they did in 2006.
The methods evaluated include organisation for economic cooperation and development (OECD) test guidelines, NanoValid standard operating procedures, NANoREG protocols and methods being proposed by peer-reviewed publications.
It is less widely used in the chemical, agrochemical and consumer products industries, but recognition of its value is growing, as reflected by increased reference to the use of TK information in new and draft OECD test guidelines.
The government blamed the last administration, saying that the young people covered by the survey "were educated almost entirely under the last Labour government – for example, someone aged 18 when they took the OECD tests would have started school aged five in 1998 and finished compulsory education aged 16 in 2009".
For "non-relevant metabolites" which are also formed as products of the biotransformation of the parent AI in mammals, the proposed toxicity testing strategies uses the repeat-dose oral toxicity study combined with a reproductive/developmental screening as outlined in OECD test guidelines 407 and 422 with integration of determination of hormonal activities.
Both, BCF and BMF, are usually determined in laboratory tests according to Organization of Economic Co-operation and DevelOECDntestECD, test 305.
The aquatic toxicity studies described in this article were performed according to standard OECD test guidelines, where applicable.
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