Approximate pairwise distances (km) between regions were calculated from the central geographic point using Google Earth according to two models: first, a direct route across terrestrial landscape to represent trans-Andean dispersal; second, an indirect route to circumscribe the southern Andes via oceanic connections to represent marine-mediated dispersal (Additional file 3).
The inter-oceanic connections have evidently been much younger than the intra-oceanic split of the NWP and NEP lineages discussed above.
The trans-Arctic herring phylogeography is notably similar to those of the amphi-boreal mollusk taxa Macoma and Mytilus, suggesting similar histories of inter-oceanic connections.
The observed trans-Arctic herring phylogeography is notably similar to those of two amphi-boreal mollusk taxa, Macoma and Mytilus, suggesting similar histories of inter-oceanic connections, and plausibly similar responses to and genetic consequences from future changes in Arctic hydrography.
Viewers have drawn a connection between his oceanic ink drawing Fortoken (2008) and the 2011 tsunami that shook his homeland of Japan to its core.
Quite a few ocean restoration and advocacy groups at least implicitly speak to this connection of inner and oceanic.
Unlike the Northern Hemisphere (Northern Atlantic and Pacific Ocean) where land masses provide a barrier which hinders the connection to other ocean basins, the Southern Hemisphere is open to the propagation of southern swell towards all ocean basins due to the fact that a circumpolar oceanic zone free of land barriers connects them together [25].
There is ongoing debate over when and how the ancestors of vertebrate fauna colonized the Antilles particularly whether the Proto-Antilles were oceanic islands or whether they once formed a land connection between South and North America.
Therefore, because geographic distances between zones are comparable to distances between systems within zones, these results show that the genetic connections between the offshore and coastal reefs via oceanic currents are much weaker than that expected if they were simply part of a discontinuous set of reefs.
The common oceanographic terms Ekman layer, denoting certain oceanic or atmospheric layers occurring at various interfaces; Ekman spiral, used in connection with vertical oceanic velocity; and Ekman transport, denoting wind-driven currents, derive from his research.
