Values closer to 0 indicate less evidence for the occurrence of selection.
The extent of such heritable activity variation is surprising for core metabolic enzymes, and might indicate the occurrence of selection during adaptation.
An important issue is the evolutionary stability of cooperation because of its potential vulnerability to social cheating: the occurrence and selection of individuals who gain the benefit of cooperation without paying their share of the costs [2], [10].
The development of cervical carcinoma requires the sequential occurrence and selection of several genetic alterations.
The results from HYPHY analyses confirm the occurrence of selection in WMAI sequences (Table 4).
Because of the occurrence of selection bias, it is also not possible to relate the results to the general population.
Allocation concealment will prevent the occurrence of selection bias before the interventions are provided to the participants [ 36].
An additional issue that might also contribute for the heterogeneity of findings is the occurrence of selection bias.
These parameters generally confirm the strong levels of heterozygosity within the chaetognath population but also the occurrence of selection limiting nucleotide variation in both coding and noncoding regions.
A prerequisite for such future studies is that patients can participate without outpatient department visits, thereby facilitating participation and forestalling the occurrence of selection bias.
Consequently, the mean Ka/Ks ratio for the genes was significantly lower than that of the pseudogenes (t test; P < 0.0005), indicating the occurrence of selection.
